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 Editing |
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Editing
"Editor" redirects here. For other uses, see Editor (disambiguation).[img]//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Seattle_Daily_Times_news_editor_quarters_-_1900.jpg/300px-Seattle_Daily_Times_news_editor_quarters_-_1900.jpg[/img]"Quarters of the news editor", one a group of four photos in the brochureSeattle and the Orient(1900) collectively captioned "The Seattle Daily TimesâEditorial Department"Editingis the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate, and complete work.
The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as the work is created. As such, editing can involve creative skills, human relations, and a precise set of methods.
Print media
There are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds editorial assistants reporting to the senior-level editorial staff and directors who report to senior executive editors. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing a product to its final release. The smaller the publication, the more these roles overlap.
The top editor at many publications may be known as the editor-in-chief, executive editor, or simply the editor. A frequent and highly regarded contributor to a magazine may acquire the title of editor-at-large or contributing editor. Mid-level newspaper editors often manage or help manage sections, such as business, sports and features. In U.S. newspapers, the level below the top editor is usually the managing editor.
In the book publishing industry, editors may organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions of a classic author's works (scholarly editor), and organize and manage contributions to a multiauthor book (symposium editor or volume editor). Obtaining manuscripts or recruiting authors is the role of anAcquisitions Editoror acommissioning editorin a publishing house. Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibility of a sponsoring editor.
Copy editors correct spelling and grammar, and align writings to house style. Changes to the publishing industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors.
At newspapers and wire services, copy editors write headlines and work on more substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness, and taste. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion. At U.K. and Australian newspapers, the term issub-editor. They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printerâaproduction editor. These editors may have the title oflayout or design editoror (more so in the past)makeup editor.
Executive editor
The top editor is generally responsible for the content of the publication. An exception is large newspapers, who usually have a separate editor for the editorials and opinion pages in order to separate news reporting and editorial content.
The top editor sets the performance standards to be met by the publication, and motivates and develops the staff. He or she is also responsible for developing and maintaining the publication budget. In concert with the publisher and the operating committee, the top editor is responsible for strategic and operational planning. Thus (s)he is effectively the head of the newspaper and has considerable influence on its content.
Periodicals
Editors at newspapers supervise journalists and improve their work. Newspaper editing encompasses a variety of titles and functions. These include:
- Chief or supervising editors, who may be callededitor in chief,executive editor,or sometimes justeditor- Managing editors and assistant or deputy managing editors (the managing editor is often second in line after the top editor)
- News editors, who oversee the news desks
- Editorial page editor who oversees the coverage on the editorial page. This editor often sits on the editorial board and assigns writing of editorials. The editorial page editor may also oversee letters to the editor or to the op-ed page. Alternately, these duties are assigned to separate letters or op-ed editors.
- Department or section editors and their assistants, such as for business, features, and sports
- Photo or picture editors
- Copy editors
- Readers' editors orpublic editors, sometimes known as the ombudsman, who field complaints from readers and respond to them
- Wire editors, who choose and edit articles from various international wire services, and are usually part of the copy desk
The termcity editorhas different meanings: in North America and South America it refers to the editor responsible for the news coverage of a newspaper's local circulation area (also sometimes calledmetro editor); while in the United Kingdom it refers to the editor responsible for coverage of business in the City of London and elsewhere.
Scholarly books and journals
Within the publishing environment, editors of scholarly books are of three main types, each with particular responsibilities:
- theacquisitions editor http://websiteshadow.com/technokomplex.waw.pl (lubcommissioning editorin Britain), who contracts with the author to produce the copy,
- theproject editorlubconjunctionlublubor"],,0.709106207],["alboor"],,0.20001258],["czyoraniorbądźorczylior"],,0.00181349379],["względnieor"],,0.000519574678],["ewentualnieor"],,0.000300706743],["bobecausenounkolor złotykolor złotyor"],,6.51303651e-08],["złotogoldluborlubczyalboanibądźproduction editor,who sees the copy through its stages from manuscript to bound book and usually assumes most of the budget and schedule responsibilities, and
- thecopy editorlubconjunctionlublubor"],,0.709106207],["alboor"],,0.20001258],["czyoraniorbądźorczylior"],,0.00181349379],["względnieor"],,0.000519574678],["ewentualnieor"],,0.000300706743],["bobecausenounkolor złotykolor złotyor"],,6.51303651e-08],["złotogoldluborlubczyalboanibądźmanuscript editor, who prepares the copy for conversion into printed form.
In the case of multiauthor edited volumes, before the manuscript is delivered to the publisher it will have undergone substantive and linguistic editing by the volume's editor who works independently of the publisher.
As for scholarly journals, where spontaneous submissions are more common than commissioned works, the position ofjournal editoror editor-in-chief replaces the acquisitions editor of the book publishing environment, while the roles of production editor and copy editor remain. However, another editor is sometimes involved in the creation of scholarly research articles. Called the authors' editor, this editor works with authors to get a manuscript fit for purpose before it is submitted to a scholarly journal for publication.
The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts of copy editing lies in applying the standards of the publisher to the copy. Most scholarly publishers have a preferred style which usually specifies the choice of a dictionary and a style manual, for example,the Chicago Manual of Style, theMLA Style Manual, or theAPA Publication Manualin the US or the New Hart's Rules in the UK. The New Hart's Rules are based the "Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers" published by Oxford University Press in 1893. Since scholars often have strong preferences, very often a publisher will adopt different styles for different fields. For instance, psychologists prefer the APA style, while linguists might prefer the MLA style. These guidelines offer sound advice on making cited sources complete and correct and making the presentation appear scholarly.
Technical editing
See also: Technical writing and Technical communication
Technical editing involves reviewing text written on a technical topic, identifying usage errors and ensuring adherence to a style guide.
Technical editing may include the correction of grammatical mistakes, misspellings, mistyping, incorrect punctuation, inconsistencies in usage, poorly structured sentences, wrong scientific terms, wrong units and dimensions, inconsistency in significant figures, technical ambivalence, technical disambiguation, statements conflicting with general scientific knowledge, correction of synopsis, content, index, headings and subheadings, correcting data and chart presentation in a research paper or report, and correcting errors in citations.
In large companies, experienced writers are dedicated to the technical editing function. In organizations that cannot afford dedicated editors, experienced writers typically peer-edit text produced by their less experienced colleagues.
It helps if the technical editor is familiar with the subject being edited. The "technical" knowledge that an editor gains over time while working on a particular product or technology does give the editor an edge over another who has just started editing content related to that product or technology. But essential general skills are attention to detail, the ability to sustain focus while working through lengthy pieces of text on complex topics, tact in dealing with writers, and excellent communication skills.
Editing services
"Paid editing" redirects here. For paid editing on Wikipedia, see Paid editing on Wikipedia.
Editing is a growing field of work in the service industry. Paidediting servicesmay be provided by specialized editing firms or by self-employed (freelance) editors.
Editing firms may employ a team of in-house editors, rely on a network of individual contractors, or both. Such firms are able to handle editing in a wide range of topics and genres, depending on the skills of individual editors. The services provided by these editors may be varied and can include proofreading, copy editing, line editing, developmental editing, editing for search engine optimization (SEO), etc.
Self-employed editors work directly for clients (e.g. authors, publishers) or offer their services through editing firms, or both. They may specialize in a type of editing (e.g. copy editing) and in a particular subject area. Those who work directly for authors and develop professional relationships with them are called authors' editors.
See also
- Editor (disambiguation)
- Audio editing
- Film editing
- Society for Editors and Proofreaders (in the UK)
- Video editing
- Writer
- Stealth edit
Further reading
- Stephen, Leslie (1898). "The Evolution of Editors".Studies of a Biographer(in English)1. London: Duckworth and Co. pp. 37â73.Â
External links
- American Copy Editors Society
- Blake Morrison "Black day for the blue pencil"The Guardian, 6 August 2005
- Editorial Freelancers Association (USA)
- Society for Editors and Proofreaders (UK)
- Technical Editing special interest group (SIG) of the Society for Technical Communication (STC)
- Writer Beware of Independent Editors and Manuscript Assessment Services Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, 22 July 2010
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